List examples of positive and negative ligands .

Ligands are molecules or ions that bind to a central metal atom or ion to form a complex. They can be classified as positive or negative ligands based on their charge. Here are some examples of positive and negative ligands:

Positive Ligands:

Ammine (NH3): It has a lone pair of electrons and can form complexes with metal ions, such as [Cu(NH3)4]2+.
Ethylenediamine (en): It is a bidentate ligand that can coordinate to a metal ion through two nitrogen atoms, forming complexes like [Ni(en)2]2+.
Triphenylphosphine (PPh3): It is a neutral ligand commonly used in coordination chemistry, forming complexes like [Pt(PPh3)2Cl2].
Water (H2O): It is a neutral ligand that can form complexes with metal ions, such as [Cu(H2O)4]2+.
Pyridine (C5H5N): It is a neutral ligand that can coordinate to metal ions, forming complexes like [Co(py)6]3+.
Negative Ligands:

Chloride ion (Cl-): It is a negatively charged ligand that can form complexes with metal ions, such as [CuCl4]2-.
Cyanide ion (CN-): It is a negatively charged ligand that can coordinate to metal ions, forming complexes like [Fe(CN)6]4-.
Hydroxide ion (OH-): It is a negatively charged ligand that can form complexes with metal ions, such as [Fe(OH)6]3-.
Nitrate ion (NO3-): It is a negatively charged ligand that can coordinate to metal ions, forming complexes like [Ag(NO3)2]-
Sulfate ion (SO4^2-): It is a negatively charged ligand that can form complexes with metal ions, such as [Cu(SO4)].
Please note that the examples provided are just a few common ligands, and there are many more ligands with positive and negative charges that can form complexes with metal ions.