In preparation of p-nitroacetanilide another mirror product is formed. What is the compound and how can this be separated from p-nitroacetanilide?

In the synthesis of p-nitroacetanilide, a common side product that can form is **o-nitroacetanilide**. This occurs due to the electrophilic substitution of the nitro group on the aromatic ring, which can happen at both the para and ortho positions.

Identifying the Side Product

o-Nitroacetanilide differs from p-nitroacetanilide in its structure, specifically in the position of the nitro group relative to the acetamido group. This structural difference is crucial for separation.

Separation Techniques

• Recrystallization: This method takes advantage of the different solubilities of the two compounds. By dissolving the mixture in a suitable solvent at high temperatures and then cooling it, one can selectively crystallize p-nitroacetanilide, leaving o-nitroacetanilide in the solution.
• Column Chromatography: This technique can effectively separate compounds based on their polarity. By using a silica gel column and an appropriate solvent system, you can elute the two compounds separately.
• Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): This method can be used to monitor the separation process. By applying small samples of the mixture on a TLC plate, you can visualize the different compounds and determine the best conditions for separation.

By employing these techniques, you can successfully isolate p-nitroacetanilide from its mirror product, ensuring a purer final product for your experiments.