Define the term polymerization.

Polymerization is a chemical process in which small molecules, called monomers, join together to form a larger and more complex structure known as a polymer. This reaction typically involves the repetitive bonding of monomers through covalent bonds, resulting in the formation of a long chain or network of repeating units. The polymerization process can be initiated by various means, such as heat, light, or chemical initiators, and it may proceed through different mechanisms, including addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. Polymers exhibit a wide range of properties and are essential in various industries, including plastics, rubber, fibers, and many other materials.