Convert Cyanide to Aldehyde and Ketone.

The conversion of cyanide (CN-) to aldehydes and ketones involves a series of chemical reactions. Here's a general outline of how you can convert cyanide to aldehydes and ketones:

Step 1: Hydrolysis to Carboxylic Acid
Cyanide (CN-) can be hydrolyzed to form a carboxylic acid. The hydrolysis reaction involves the addition of water (H2O) and a strong acid like hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The reaction can be represented as follows:

CN- + H2O + H+ → HCN → HCOOH (Formic Acid)

Step 2: Oxidation of Carboxylic Acid to Aldehyde
The carboxylic acid formed in step 1 (e.g., formic acid, HCOOH) can be oxidized to yield an aldehyde. You can use a mild oxidizing agent like PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate) or perform a controlled oxidation using a suitable oxidizing agent and reaction conditions. The reaction is as follows:

HCOOH (Formic Acid) → HCHO (Formaldehyde, an aldehyde)

Step 3: Reduction to Ketone (if desired)
If you want to convert the aldehyde obtained in step 2 to a ketone, you can use a reducing agent like sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) to reduce the aldehyde functional group to a ketone functional group. Here's the reaction:

HCHO (Formaldehyde) + NaBH4 → CH3CHOH (Secondary alcohol) → CH3COCH3 (Acetone, a ketone)

So, in summary, you can convert cyanide (CN-) to aldehydes and ketones by first hydrolyzing it to a carboxylic acid and then oxidizing the carboxylic acid to an aldehyde. If you want a ketone, you can further reduce the aldehyde to a ketone using a suitable reducing agent. Keep in mind that the specific reaction conditions and reagents may vary depending on the starting material and the desired products. Always exercise caution when working with toxic and reactive chemicals like cyanide.