Aniline is purified by:

(A) Steam distillation

(B) Sublimation

(C) Hydrolysis

(D) None of the above

To determine how aniline is purified, let's first understand what aniline is and the methods available for its purification. Aniline, or phenylamine, is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. It is commonly used in the production of dyes, drugs, and plastics. The purification of aniline can be quite specific, depending on the impurities present and the desired purity level.

Purification Methods Overview

When it comes to purifying organic compounds like aniline, several methods can be employed. Here are the options provided:

• Steam Distillation: This method is often used for purifying substances that have high boiling points or are sensitive to heat. It works by vaporizing the compound with steam and then condensing it back into a liquid. However, aniline has a relatively low boiling point and can decompose under high temperatures, making steam distillation less suitable.
• Sublimation: This technique involves converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through a liquid phase. It is effective for purifying substances that can sublime, but aniline does not sublime under normal conditions, so this method is not applicable.
• Hydrolysis: This process involves the reaction of a compound with water, often leading to the breakdown of the compound. Hydrolysis is not a purification method for aniline; rather, it would alter its chemical structure.
• None of the Above: This option suggests that none of the listed methods are suitable for purifying aniline.

Analyzing the Options

Given the characteristics of aniline and the methods listed, let's analyze each option:

• Steam distillation is not ideal due to aniline's low boiling point and potential decomposition.
• Sublimation is not applicable since aniline does not sublime.
• Hydrolysis would not purify aniline but rather change its chemical structure.

Conclusion on Purification Method

Considering the analysis above, the most accurate answer to the question of how aniline is purified is (D) None of the above. Typically, aniline is purified through methods such as recrystallization or extraction techniques, which are not listed in the options provided. These methods allow for the removal of impurities while preserving the integrity of the aniline compound.