An example of dibasic acid is:

• a.) Orthophosphoric acid
• b.) Orthophosphoric acid
• c.) Hypophosphorous acid
• d.) Pyrophosphoric acid

When we talk about dibasic acids, we're referring to acids that can donate two protons (H⁺ ions) per molecule in a solution. In the options you've provided, the correct answer is a.) Orthophosphoric acid. Let's break down why this is the case and clarify the characteristics of the other acids listed.

Understanding Dibasic Acids

Dibasic acids are important in various chemical reactions and applications. They can release two hydrogen ions, which makes them capable of forming two types of salts. This property is crucial in many biological and industrial processes.

Examining the Options

• Orthophosphoric acid (H₃PO₄): This is indeed a dibasic acid. It can donate two protons in its dissociation process, leading to the formation of dihydrogen phosphate (H₂PO₄⁻) and hydrogen phosphate (HPO₄²⁻) ions. This makes it a versatile acid in both organic and inorganic chemistry.
• Hypophosphorous acid (H₃PO₂): This is a monoprotic acid, meaning it can only donate one proton. Therefore, it does not qualify as a dibasic acid.
• Pyrophosphoric acid (H₄P₂O₇): While it has multiple acidic protons, it is classified as a tetrabasic acid because it can donate four protons. Thus, it does not fit the dibasic category.

Why Orthophosphoric Acid?

Orthophosphoric acid is commonly used in fertilizers, food flavoring, and even in dental products. Its ability to donate two protons allows it to participate in various reactions, making it a fundamental compound in both chemistry and biology. When it dissociates in water, it goes through a stepwise process:

1. The first dissociation releases one proton, forming dihydrogen phosphate (H₂PO₄⁻).
2. The second dissociation releases another proton, resulting in hydrogen phosphate (HPO₄²⁻).

This stepwise dissociation is what characterizes it as dibasic, as it can effectively donate two protons in total.

Applications and Importance

Understanding dibasic acids like orthophosphoric acid is crucial in fields such as biochemistry, agriculture, and materials science. Their ability to interact with various compounds allows for the creation of buffers, which are essential in maintaining pH levels in biological systems.

In summary, the correct answer to your question is a.) Orthophosphoric acid, as it is the only dibasic acid among the options provided. The other acids either do not fit the dibasic classification or have different properties that categorize them differently. If you have any more questions about acids or related topics, feel free to ask!