What are the four cardinal signs of inflammatory response?

The inflammatory response is a crucial part of the body's defense mechanism. It helps protect against injury and infection. The four cardinal signs of inflammation are:

1. Redness

This occurs due to increased blood flow to the affected area, making it appear redder than usual.

2. Heat

Along with redness, the area may feel warm. This is also a result of increased blood flow and metabolic activity in the tissues.

3. Swelling

Swelling happens when fluid and immune cells leak into the tissues. This accumulation causes the area to become puffy.

4. Pain

Pain is a signal that something is wrong. It can result from the release of chemicals that stimulate nerve endings, making the area sensitive.

These signs work together to indicate that the body is responding to an injury or infection, helping to initiate healing.