All the following are included under in situ conservation except:

• A. Biosphere Reserve
• B. National Park
• C. Wildlife Sanctuary
• D. Botanical Garden

In situ conservation refers to the preservation of species in their natural habitats. This method focuses on maintaining the ecological processes and interactions that support biodiversity. Let's look at the options provided:

Options Analysis

• Biosphere Reserve: These areas are designated to promote conservation while allowing for sustainable use of resources. They support in situ conservation.
• National Park: National parks protect natural environments and wildlife, making them a key component of in situ conservation.
• Wildlife Sanctuary: These sanctuaries are specifically established to protect animals in their natural habitats, fitting the in situ conservation model.
• Botanical Garden: Unlike the others, botanical gardens primarily focus on cultivating plants in controlled environments, which does not align with in situ conservation.

Final Answer

The correct choice is D. Botanical Garden, as it does not involve conservation in the natural habitat of the species.