What is the effect of temperature on velocity of sound?

The velocity of sound is affected by temperature. As temperature increases, the velocity of sound also increases. This is because sound waves travel faster in warmer air compared to cooler air.

The relationship between temperature and the velocity of sound can be expressed by the following formula:

v = v₀ * √(T / T₀)

Where:

v is the velocity of sound at temperature T.
v₀ is the velocity of sound at a reference temperature T₀ (usually 0°C or 273 K).
T is the temperature in Kelvin.
T₀ is the reference temperature in Kelvin.
Explanation:

When air molecules are heated, they move faster because the molecules have more kinetic energy. This increased motion allows sound waves to propagate more quickly, as sound relies on the vibration of molecules to travel through a medium.
At lower temperatures, the molecules move more slowly, causing sound waves to propagate more slowly as well.
Thus, the velocity of sound increases by about 0.6 meters per second for every 1°C increase in temperature. For example, at 20°C, the speed of sound in air is approximately 343 m/s, but at 30°C, it increases to approximately 346 m/s.