Differentiate between stable and unstable equilibrium.

Difference Between Stable and Unstable Equilibrium
Equilibrium refers to the state of an object where all forces acting on it are balanced, and there is no net motion. It can be classified into stable and unstable equilibrium based on the behavior of the object when slightly displaced.
Feature Stable Equilibrium Unstable Equilibrium
Definition An object is in stable equilibrium if, after a slight displacement, it tends to return to its original position. An object is in unstable equilibrium if, after a slight displacement, it moves further away from its original position.
Potential Energy The object is at a minimum potential energy in its equilibrium state. The object is at a maximum potential energy in its equilibrium state.
Example A ball placed at the bottom of a bowl. If displaced, it moves back to the bottom. A ball balanced on top of an inverted bowl. If displaced, it moves away further.
Force Response When disturbed, restoring forces act to bring it back to equilibrium. When disturbed, disruptive forces act to move it further away from equilibrium.
Center of Gravity (CG) The CG remains at the lowest position. The CG is at the highest position.
Conclusion
• Stable Equilibrium ensures that the system returns to its original state after a small disturbance.
• Unstable Equilibrium leads to a further deviation from the original state, making it difficult to maintain.
This distinction is important in mechanical systems, physics, and engineering applications where stability is a key consideration.