Which group elements are called transition metals?

Transition metals are the elements found in the d-block of the periodic table. These elements are characterized by having partially filled d-orbitals in their electron configuration. The transition metals include elements from group 3 (scandium, Sc) to group 12 (zinc, Zn) in the 4th period and extend through periods 4 to 7, encompassing groups 3 to 12.

Here is a list of the transition metals:

Scandium (Sc)
Titanium (Ti)
Vanadium (V)
Chromium (Cr)
Manganese (Mn)
Iron (Fe)
Cobalt (Co)
Nickel (Ni)
Copper (Cu)
Zinc (Zn)
Yttrium (Y)
Zirconium (Zr)
Niobium (Nb)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Technetium (Tc)
Ruthenium (Ru)
Rhodium (Rh)
Palladium (Pd)
Silver (Ag)
Cadmium (Cd)
Hafnium (Hf)
Tantalum (Ta)
Tungsten (W)
Rhenium (Re)
Osmium (Os)
Iridium (Ir)
Platinum (Pt)
Gold (Au)
Mercury (Hg)
These elements exhibit various properties and are known for their ability to form complex ions and compounds, as well as their valuable contributions in various industrial and technological applications.