The term "SPDF" is commonly used to describe the electron orbitals or subshells within an atom. Each subshell can hold a specific number of electrons. Here is a breakdown of the subshells and their respective electron capacities:
S subshell: The S subshell has a spherical shape and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
P subshell: The P subshell has a dumbbell or peanut shape and can hold a maximum of 6 electrons.
D subshell: The D subshell has a more complex shape and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons.
F subshell: The F subshell has an even more complex shape and can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.
The SPDF notation is used to indicate the distribution of electrons in the various subshells of an atom's electron configuration. For example, the electron configuration of carbon is 1s² 2s² 2p². In this notation, the "S" represents the 2 electrons in the 1s subshell, the "P" represents the 2 electrons in the 2s subshell, and the "P" represents the 2 electrons in the 2p subshell.
It's worth noting that the electron capacities mentioned above are based on the Aufbau principle and the Pauli exclusion principle, which govern the filling of electron orbitals in atoms.