What is the difference between caustic soda and baking soda?

Caustic soda and baking soda are two different chemical compounds with distinct properties and uses.

Caustic Soda:

Chemical Name: Caustic soda is also known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Properties: It is a strong alkaline compound that is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns and irritation.
Production: Caustic soda is typically produced through the electrolysis of salt (sodium chloride) in a process called the chlor-alkali process.
Uses: Caustic soda has numerous industrial applications. It is commonly used in the production of paper, textiles, detergents, soaps, and various chemicals. It is also used in water treatment, metal processing, and as a drain cleaner.
Baking Soda:

Chemical Name: Baking soda is scientifically known as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
Properties: It is a mild alkaline compound with a powdery texture. Baking soda is non-toxic and safe for consumption.
Production: Baking soda can be naturally mined or produced through a chemical reaction involving carbon dioxide and soda ash.
Uses: Baking soda has numerous household and culinary uses. It is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking, where it reacts with acids (like vinegar or buttermilk) to produce carbon dioxide, causing dough or batter to rise. Baking soda is also used as a cleaning agent, odor absorber, and personal care product ingredient.
In summary, the main differences between caustic soda and baking soda lie in their chemical composition, properties, production methods, and applications. Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) is a strong alkaline compound used primarily in industrial settings, while baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is a mild alkaline compound used in cooking, cleaning, and various household applications.