What is meant by strong bases and weak bases? Classify the following into strong bases and weak bases:

• NH₄OH
• Ca(OH)₂
• NaOH
• KOH
• Mg(OH)₂

In chemistry, bases are substances that can accept protons or donate electron pairs. They are classified into two categories: strong bases and weak bases, based on their ability to dissociate in water.

Strong Bases

Strong bases completely dissociate in water, releasing a high concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻). This results in a significant increase in pH. Common examples include:

• NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)
• KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)
• Ca(OH)₂ (Calcium Hydroxide)

Weak Bases

Weak bases only partially dissociate in water, leading to a lower concentration of hydroxide ions and a smaller increase in pH. An example of a weak base is:

• NH₄OH (Ammonium Hydroxide)
• Mg(OH)₂ (Magnesium Hydroxide)

Classification Summary

To summarize:

• Strong Bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂
• Weak Bases: NH₄OH, Mg(OH)₂