What are some basic organic prefixes/suffixes?

Sure, here are some common organic chemistry prefixes and suffixes:

Prefixes:

Meth-: Indicates one carbon atom (e.g., methane).
Eth-: Indicates two carbon atoms (e.g., ethane).
Prop-: Indicates three carbon atoms (e.g., propane).
But-: Indicates four carbon atoms (e.g., butane).
Pent-: Indicates five carbon atoms (e.g., pentane).
Hex-: Indicates six carbon atoms (e.g., hexane).
Hept-: Indicates seven carbon atoms (e.g., heptane).
Oct-: Indicates eight carbon atoms (e.g., octane).
Non-: Indicates nine carbon atoms (e.g., nonane).
Dec-: Indicates ten carbon atoms (e.g., decane).
Suffixes:

-ane: Indicates single bonds between carbon atoms (e.g., alkane).
-ene: Indicates at least one double bond between carbon atoms (e.g., alkene).
-yne: Indicates at least one triple bond between carbon atoms (e.g., alkyne).
-ol: Indicates an alcohol functional group (e.g., ethanol).
-al: Indicates an aldehyde functional group (e.g., ethanol).
-one: Indicates a ketone functional group (e.g., acetone).
-ic acid: Indicates a carboxylic acid functional group (e.g., acetic acid).
-amine: Indicates an amine functional group (e.g., ethylamine).
-yl: Indicates a substituent (e.g., methyl, ethyl).
-yl halide: Indicates a halogen-substituted alkane (e.g., methyl chloride).