The IUPAC name of:

• (a) - 2- Chlorocarbonyl ethylbenzoate
• (b) - 2- Carboxyethyl benzoyl chloride
• (c) - Ethyl-2-(chlorocarbonyl) benzoate
• (d) - Ethyl-1-(chlorocarbonyl) benzoate

To determine the IUPAC names of the given compounds, we need to break down their structures and identify the functional groups and substituents involved. Let's analyze each compound step by step.

Decoding the Names

Each name provides clues about the structure of the molecule. The key components include the main functional groups, the position of substituents, and the parent chain. Here’s how to interpret each name:

(a) 2-Chlorocarbonyl ethylbenzoate

This compound indicates that there is an ethyl ester of benzoic acid with a chlorocarbonyl group at the 2-position. The IUPAC name can be derived as follows:

• The parent structure is benzoate (derived from benzoic acid).
• The ethyl group is attached to the carbonyl carbon, making it ethyl benzoate.
• The chlorocarbonyl group is a substituent at the 2-position of the benzene ring.

The IUPAC name is ethyl 2-chlorobenzoate.

(b) 2-Carboxyethyl benzoyl chloride

This name suggests a benzoyl chloride with a carboxyethyl substituent. Breaking it down:

• The main functional group is benzoyl chloride, which is derived from benzoic acid.
• The carboxyethyl group indicates a two-carbon chain with a carboxylic acid at the end, attached at the 2-position of the benzene ring.

The IUPAC name is 2-carboxyethyl benzoyl chloride.

(c) Ethyl-2-(chlorocarbonyl) benzoate

In this case, we have an ethyl ester of benzoate with a chlorocarbonyl group at the 2-position. Analyzing it:

• The main structure is benzoate, with an ethyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon.
• The chlorocarbonyl group is a substituent at the 2-position of the benzene ring.

The IUPAC name is ethyl 2-(chlorocarbonyl)benzoate.

(d) Ethyl-1-(chlorocarbonyl) benzoate

This compound is similar to the previous one but with the chlorocarbonyl group at the 1-position. Here’s the breakdown:

• The parent structure remains benzoate with an ethyl group attached.
• The chlorocarbonyl group is now at the 1-position of the benzene ring.

The IUPAC name is ethyl 1-(chlorocarbonyl)benzoate.

Summary of IUPAC Names

To summarize, the IUPAC names for the compounds are:

• (a) ethyl 2-chlorobenzoate
• (b) 2-carboxyethyl benzoyl chloride
• (c) ethyl 2-(chlorocarbonyl)benzoate
• (d) ethyl 1-(chlorocarbonyl)benzoate

Understanding the structure and functional groups is crucial in determining the correct IUPAC names. Each part of the name reflects the molecule's composition and arrangement, which is essential for accurate communication in chemistry.