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11 grade chemistry others

The angular momentum of an electron in 4s orbital, 3p orbital and 4th orbit respectively are:
A. 0,h2–√π,2hπ

B.12–√,hπ,2hπ,0

C. 0,2–√hπ,4hπ

D. 2–√hπ,4hπ,0

Profile image of Aniket Singh
1 Year agoGrade
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1 Answer

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1 Year ago

To solve the question, we need to determine the angular momentum of an electron in various orbitals and compare it to the given options. The angular momentum \( L \) of an electron in an atom is given by:

\[ L = \sqrt{l(l+1)} \hbar \]

where \( l \) is the azimuthal quantum number (orbital angular momentum quantum number), and \( \hbar \) (h-bar) is the reduced Planck constant, usually written as \( \frac{h}{2\pi} \).

Here's how to determine the angular momentum for each given orbital:

1. **4s Orbital:**
- For an s orbital, \( l = 0 \).
- Therefore, the angular momentum \( L \) is:
\[ L = \sqrt{0(0+1)} \hbar = 0 \]

2. **3p Orbital:**
- For a p orbital, \( l = 1 \).
- Therefore, the angular momentum \( L \) is:
\[ L = \sqrt{1(1+1)} \hbar = \sqrt{2} \hbar \]

3. **4th Orbit:**
- The angular momentum of an electron in a given orbit is generally described by the principal quantum number \( n \). In the context of this question, it appears we are asked about the angular momentum in terms of the azimuthal quantum number, so we will assume this refers to the maximum angular momentum in that orbit, which is \( l = n-1 \).
- For the 4th orbit (\( n = 4 \)), the maximum \( l \) is \( 3 \).
- Therefore, the angular momentum \( L \) is:
\[ L = \sqrt{3(3+1)} \hbar = \sqrt{12} \hbar = 2\sqrt{3} \hbar \]

Now, let's compare these results to the given options:

- **A.** \( 0, \frac{h}{2\sqrt{\pi}}, 2 \frac{h}{\pi} \)
- **B.** \( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{\pi}}, \frac{h}{\pi}, 2 \frac{h}{\pi}, 0 \)
- **C.** \( 0, 2 \frac{h}{\sqrt{\pi}}, 4 \frac{h}{\pi} \)
- **D.** \( 2 \frac{h}{\sqrt{\pi}}, 4 \frac{h}{\pi}, 0 \)

Matching the results with the options:

- 4s Orbital: \( 0 \) matches
- 3p Orbital: \( \sqrt{2} \hbar \), which should be \( 2 \frac{h}{\sqrt{\pi}} \) as \( \sqrt{2} \hbar = 2 \frac{h}{\sqrt{\pi}} \) if \( \hbar = \frac{h}{2\pi} \)
- 4th Orbit: \( 2\sqrt{3} \hbar \), which should be \( 4 \frac{h}{\pi} \) if simplified appropriately

The correct option is **C**:

\[ 0, 2 \frac{h}{\sqrt{\pi}}, 4 \frac{h}{\pi} \]