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Lanthanide contraction is caused due to:(a) the same effective nuclear charge from Ce to Lu(b) the imperfect shielding on outer electrons by 4f electrons from the nuclear charge (c) the appreciable shielding on outer electrons by 4f electrons from the nuclear charge(d) the appreciable shielding on outer electrons by 5d electrons from the nuclear charge

Aniket Singh , 1 Year ago
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Askiitians Tutor Team

The correct answer is (b) the imperfect shielding on outer electrons by 4f electrons from the nuclear charge.

Lanthanide contraction refers to the decrease in atomic and ionic sizes of the lanthanide elements as you move across the 4f series from cerium (Ce) to lutetium (Lu). This contraction is primarily attributed to the poor shielding effect of the inner 4f electrons. The 4f electrons do not effectively shield the outer electrons from the increasing nuclear charge, leading to a stronger attraction between the outer electrons and the nucleus, causing a contraction in size.

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