Comment on the electron donating and electron withdrawing power of the following group. - N{O_2}, - N{H_2}.

The groups -NO2 and -NH2 are commonly referred to as nitro and amino groups, respectively. When it comes to electron donating and electron withdrawing power, these groups have opposite effects.

The -NO2 group is considered an electron-withdrawing group. It consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two oxygen atoms. Oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen, which creates a polar bond. As a result, the oxygen atoms withdraw electron density from the nitrogen atom, making it more electron-deficient. This electron-withdrawing effect is further enhanced by the presence of the electronegative oxygen atoms. Therefore, the -NO2 group is known for its strong electron-withdrawing power.

On the other hand, the -NH2 group is considered an electron-donating group. It consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Nitrogen is less electronegative than hydrogen, resulting in a polar bond where nitrogen has a partial positive charge. This partial positive charge attracts electron density, making the nitrogen atom electron-rich. Consequently, the -NH2 group has a moderate electron-donating power.

To summarize, the -NO2 group is an electron-withdrawing group, while the -NH2 group is an electron-donating group.