Which is not included under in situ conservation?(a) National Park(b) Sanctuary(c) Biosphere reserve(d) Zoological/botanical garden

In situ conservation refers to the conservation of species in their natural habitats. The options provided include various types of conservation areas. Let's look at each one:

(a) National Park: This is a protected area established to conserve wildlife and natural habitats. It is an example of in situ conservation.

(b) Sanctuary: This is a protected area that provides protection to wildlife in their natural habitat. It is also an example of in situ conservation.

(c) Biosphere Reserve: This is a large area designated to promote the conservation of biodiversity, research, and sustainable development. It includes protected areas as well as zones where human activities occur in a sustainable manner. This is an example of in situ conservation.

(d) Zoological/Botanical Garden: These are facilities where animals and plants are kept in controlled environments outside their natural habitats. This type of conservation is known as ex situ conservation.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

(d) Zoological/Botanical Garden