What proteins are present in milk?

Milk contains a variety of proteins that serve different functions. The major proteins found in milk are:

Caseins: Caseins make up the majority of milk proteins and are present in the form of micelles. The primary types of caseins are alpha-casein, beta-casein, and kappa-casein.

Whey Proteins: Whey proteins are water-soluble proteins found in milk serum. They include various proteins like beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, serum albumin, immunoglobulins, and lactoferrin.

Lactoglobulins: These are a class of proteins that belong to the whey protein group. The most common form is beta-lactoglobulin.

Lactalbumin: Another whey protein, alpha-lactalbumin is rich in essential amino acids and plays a role in delivering these nutrients to infants.

Lactoferrin: Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that helps transport and regulate iron within the body. It also has antimicrobial properties.

Immunoglobulins (Antibodies): These proteins are part of the body's immune defense system and are transferred from the mother to the baby through breast milk.

Serum Albumin: This is a small protein that helps transport various substances in the bloodstream.

Enzymes: Some enzymes, like lipase and amylase, are present in milk, albeit in small amounts. They aid in the digestion of fats and carbohydrates.

Glycomacropeptide: This is a peptide released during the digestion of casein by rennet. It's known for its potential to stimulate the release of appetite-suppressing hormones.

Bioactive Peptides: These are short protein fragments that may have various health benefits, such as promoting cardiovascular health or acting as antimicrobial agents.

The specific composition of milk proteins can vary slightly between different species of animals (such as cows, goats, and humans) and can be influenced by factors like the animal's diet and health. The balance of these proteins gives milk its nutritional and functional properties.