What is the difference between Palea and Lemma?

Palea and lemma are terms commonly used to describe parts of the grass floret, which is a small flower in the grass family (Poaceae). These terms are particularly important when describing the structure of grasses, as they help differentiate various parts of the reproductive structures.

Lemma:

The lemma is the outermost of two bracts (modified leaves) enclosing the grass floret. It is usually larger and more prominent than the palea.
The lemma can vary in shape, size, and texture among different grass species.
In some grasses, the lemma may have a small extension called an awn, which can be long and bristle-like or short and inconspicuous. Awns can aid in seed dispersal.
Palea:

The palea is the inner of the two bracts that encloses the grass floret. It is located inside the lemma and is usually smaller and thinner.
The palea helps protect the reproductive structures within the floret, including the ovary and developing seeds.
In some grasses, the palea may be absent or greatly reduced.
In summary, the main difference between palea and lemma lies in their positions within the grass floret and their relative sizes. The lemma is the larger, outer bract, while the palea is the smaller, inner bract. These terms are particularly important when botanists and researchers are describing and classifying different grass species based on their floral structures.