What is NADH? What does it do and how and where is it formed?

NADH, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form), is a crucial coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a vital role in energy production and metabolism.

Function of NADH

NADH primarily serves as an electron carrier in cellular respiration. It helps transfer electrons from one molecule to another, facilitating the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell. This process is essential for powering various cellular activities.

Energy Production

• NADH is generated during glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the oxidation of fatty acids.
• It donates electrons to the electron transport chain, leading to ATP synthesis.

Synthesis of NADH

NADH is formed through several metabolic pathways:

• Glycolysis: This process occurs in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing NADH in the process.
• Krebs Cycle: Taking place in the mitochondria, this cycle further oxidizes pyruvate, generating more NADH.
• Fatty Acid Oxidation: During the breakdown of fats, NADH is also produced.

Location of Formation

NADH is primarily formed in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of cells, depending on the metabolic pathway involved. Its production is essential for maintaining the energy balance within the cell.

In summary, NADH is a key player in energy metabolism, formed through various biochemical processes, and is crucial for the efficient functioning of cells.