What is modification of root? What type of modification of root is found in the: (a) Banyan tree(b) Turnip(c) Mangrove tree

Modification of roots refers to the structural changes that roots undergo to perform specialized functions apart from anchorage and absorption of water and minerals. There are several types of root modifications, including storage roots, prop roots, pneumatophores, and buttress roots, among others.

Let's discuss the type of root modification found in each of the mentioned plants:

(a) Banyan tree:
The banyan tree exhibits prop roots, which are adventitious roots that grow from the branches and extend down to the ground. These prop roots provide additional support to the sprawling branches of the tree and help anchor it firmly.

(b) Turnip:
The turnip is an example of a plant with storage roots. In turnips, the taproot swells to store nutrients, primarily carbohydrates, which serve as a food reserve for the plant. This modification allows the turnip plant to survive adverse conditions and provide energy for growth and reproduction.

(c) Mangrove tree:
Mangrove trees typically have pneumatophores, which are specialized aerial roots that grow vertically upward from the underground roots. Pneumatophores emerge above the water level in swampy or waterlogged soils, allowing the mangrove trees to obtain oxygen for respiration in environments with low oxygen concentrations. These structures facilitate gas exchange between the underground roots and the atmosphere, enabling the mangrove trees to thrive in saline and waterlogged habitats.