What are the 12 blood clotting factors?

The blood clotting process, also known as coagulation, involves a complex cascade of proteins called clotting factors. There are actually more than 12 clotting factors, but the following are the primary ones:

Factor I - Fibrinogen
Factor II - Prothrombin
Factor III - Tissue factor (not traditionally considered one of the numbered factors)
Factor IV - Calcium
Factor V - Labile factor or Proaccelerin
Factor VI - Unassigned (Factor VI is no longer used to designate a specific clotting factor)
Factor VII - Stable factor or Proconvertin
Factor VIII - Antihemophilic factor A
Factor IX - Antihemophilic factor B or Christmas factor
Factor X - Stuart-Prower factor
Factor XI - Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
Factor XII - Hageman factor
These clotting factors work together in a precise sequence to form a blood clot when there is an injury or damage to a blood vessel. This cascade helps prevent excessive bleeding and is crucial for maintaining hemostasis, the balance between bleeding and clotting in the circulatory system. In addition to these factors, there are several other proteins and inhibitors involved in the coagulation process, making it a highly regulated and intricate system.