What are holandric traits?

Holandric traits, also known as Y-linked traits, are genetic traits that are determined by genes located on the Y chromosome. In humans, the Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes, with the other being the X chromosome. Since males typically have one X and one Y chromosome (XY), while females have two X chromosomes (XX), holandric traits are typically inherited from father to son and are passed down through the paternal line.

Because the Y chromosome is relatively small and contains fewer genes compared to the X chromosome, holandric traits are relatively rare compared to X-linked traits. Examples of holandric traits include certain types of male infertility disorders and some forms of male pattern baldness. These traits are inherited in a predictable manner within paternal lineages.