What are association neurons?

Association neurons, also known as interneurons or intermediate neurons, are a type of neuron found within the central nervous system (CNS) of animals, including humans. They play a crucial role in information processing and communication within the nervous system.

Association neurons are primarily responsible for relaying signals between sensory neurons and motor neurons or between other association neurons. They integrate and interpret incoming sensory information and transmit signals to appropriate destinations within the CNS. These neurons enable complex processing of sensory information and coordination of motor responses.

Unlike sensory neurons that receive information from sensory organs or motor neurons that transmit signals to muscles or glands, association neurons are primarily confined to the brain and spinal cord. They are involved in a variety of cognitive processes, including perception, learning, memory, and decision-making. Association neurons also contribute to the regulation of emotions and the execution of voluntary movements.

The structure and connectivity of association neurons allow for the formation of neural networks and circuits within the CNS. They receive inputs from multiple sources and send outputs to multiple targets, facilitating the integration and processing of information from various parts of the nervous system. This interconnectedness enables complex neural computations and higher-order cognitive functions.

In summary, association neurons are interneurons within the CNS that facilitate communication and information processing between sensory neurons and motor neurons or between other association neurons. They play a vital role in integrating sensory information, coordinating motor responses, and supporting complex cognitive processes.