Is phellem made up of dead cells?

Phellem, also known as cork, is indeed composed of dead cells. These cells are produced by the cork cambium, a layer of tissue in plants. As the plant grows, the cork cambium generates new cells that push older cells outward, leading to the formation of phellem.

Characteristics of Phellem

The structure of phellem has several important features:

• Water Resistance: The dead cells are filled with a substance called suberin, which makes them impermeable to water.
• Protection: Phellem serves as a protective barrier against pests and environmental damage.
• Insulation: It helps in insulating the plant, reducing water loss and temperature fluctuations.

Role in Plants

Phellem plays a crucial role in the overall health of a plant by providing protection and support. Its formation is a vital part of secondary growth in woody plants, contributing to the thickness of the stem and trunk.