How do autotrophs obtain carbon dioxide and nitrogen to make their food?

Autotrophs, such as plants, obtain carbon dioxide (CO2) primarily from the air through tiny pores called stomata, which are located on the surface of their leaves. These stomata allow the entry of carbon dioxide while also enabling the release of oxygen produced during photosynthesis.

As for nitrogen, autotrophs absorb it from the soil in the form of nitrates (NO3-) or ammonium ions (NH4+). These nitrogen compounds are taken up by the plant's roots and then assimilated into organic molecules through various biochemical processes.

Once absorbed, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are utilized by autotrophs during photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates and other organic compounds essential for their growth and survival.