(a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is …………. to water whereas the descending limb is ………… to it.

(b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone ………….

(c) Dialysis fluid contains all the constituents as in plasma except …………..

(d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) ………………. gm of urea/day.

The nephron plays a crucial role in kidney function, particularly in the loop of Henle and the regulation of water and waste. Here’s a breakdown of your questions:

Ascending and Descending Limb of Henle's Loop

(a) The ascending limb of Henle’s loop is impermeable to water, whereas the descending limb is permeable to it.

Hormonal Regulation of Water Reabsorption

(b) The reabsorption of water from the distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Components of Dialysis Fluid

(c) Dialysis fluid contains all the constituents found in plasma except proteins.

Urea Excretion in Adults

(d) A healthy adult human excretes, on average, 20 to 30 grams of urea per day.