{"id":9087,"date":"2016-03-28T15:30:19","date_gmt":"2016-03-28T10:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/?p=9087"},"modified":"2016-03-28T15:30:19","modified_gmt":"2016-03-28T10:00:19","slug":"zoa-protozoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/zoa-protozoa\/","title":{"rendered":"This topic is going to be a part of your AIPMT exam this year. Yes it is Protozoa!!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Since our lower classes; we have been learning about diversity in living organisms. We have also learned about 5 Kingdom system of classification given by <b>R.H Whitaker<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Remember no? Well! It includes Kingdom <b>Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae<\/b>&amp;<b>Animalia<\/b>. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Here I am going to tell you about very interesting category of Kingdom Protista which is <b>protozoa<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/213.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9088\" src=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/213.png\" alt=\"21\" width=\"431\" height=\"293\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Fig: <i>Paramecium<\/i> (a type of protozoa)<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For the first time, protozoans were studied by <b>Leeuwenhoek<\/b> (1677). Name protozoa were coined by <b>Goldfuss.<\/b>Branch of biology in which we study about Protozoa is known as <b>protozoology. <\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Let me tell you classification of protozoa now. Take a look to this flowchart first. Then I\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2ll tell you details.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/226.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9089\" src=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/226.png\" alt=\"22\" width=\"580\" height=\"209\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Flagellated Protozoans \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Characteristics \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153 <\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Flagella is present &amp; it helps in locomotion<\/li>\n<li>Both sexual &amp; asexual types of reproduction occur.<\/li>\n<li>They may be parasitic, free living, aquatic, commensals or symbionts.<\/li>\n<li><b>Zooflagellates<\/b> may be uninucleate or multinucleate.<\/li>\n<li>Heterotrophic nutrition may be holozoic, saprobic or parasitic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Now let\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s take a look to certain flagellated protozoans.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/232.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9090\" src=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/232.png\" alt=\"23\" width=\"598\" height=\"452\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Trypanosoma gambiense<\/i><\/b>\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153 It is a parasite of sleeping sickness. This pathogen is transmitted by tse tse fly. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0They absorb the food by body surface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Leishmania donovani<\/i><\/b> \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153 It causes <b>Kala azar<\/b> or <b>dum-dum<\/b> fever. This pathogen is transmitted by <b>sandfly.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Giardia intestinalis(Giardia lambia)-<\/i><\/b>\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 It is commonly nicknamed as \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00cb\u0153grand old man of intestine\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2. It causes <b>giardiasis<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i><\/b>\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153It used to be present in vagina of women. It causes leucorrhoea disease. Transmission of this disease occur by coitus (intercourse)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Amoeboid Protozoans \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Characteristics \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Temporary pseudopodia are formed in them which are the body outgrowth.<\/li>\n<li>Living body is covered by <b>plasmolemma<\/b> or a shell.<\/li>\n<li>Holozoic nutrition.<\/li>\n<li>Both sexual &amp; asexual reproduction occurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Some of the examples are:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/262.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9091\" src=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/262.png\" alt=\"26\" width=\"756\" height=\"213\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Amoeba Proteus<\/i> \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/b> This is the most common microorganism which you are learning since your lower classes. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0You know it was discovered by <b>Russel von Rosenhoff (1755). <\/b>Food ingestion &amp; digestion occurs by phagocytosis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Entamoeba histolytica-<\/i><\/b>It was discovered by <b>Lamble (1859<\/b>). It causes<b> amoebic dystentry (amoebiasis). <\/b>You know medicine for this disease is<b> Metrogyl or Flagyl. <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Heliozoans(sun &#8211; animalcules<\/i><\/b><i>)-<\/i> They have spherical structures. Their pseudopodia are radiating.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Sporozoans \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Characteristics \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>They are endoparasites.<\/li>\n<li>Some of them are disease causing also (e.g. Eimeria).<\/li>\n<li>Locomotory organs re absent.<\/li>\n<li>Parasitic nutrition<\/li>\n<li><b>Phagotrophic.<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Both sexual &amp; asexual type of reproduction occurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Here again, you have to learn certain examples.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/272.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9092\" src=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/272.png\" alt=\"27\" width=\"683\" height=\"296\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Plasmodium<\/i><\/b> \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153 It is the malarial parasite. Its carrier is female <b>anopheles<\/b> mosquito only.Male mosquito feed on plant sap. This parasite doesn\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2t harm the mosquito itself.<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Monocystis<\/i><\/b>\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153It is present in the seminal vesicle &amp; coelom of earthworm. Locomotory organs are present in them.<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Eimeria<\/i><\/b>&#8211; this pathogen causes<b>coccidiosis <\/b>disease in animals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Ciliated protozoans \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Characteristics \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>They possess a number of cilia.<\/li>\n<li>They show high degree of morphological &amp; physiological specialization.<\/li>\n<li>Nutrition is holozoic &amp; parasitic as well.<\/li>\n<li>Dimorphic nucleus is present (macro &amp; micronucleus).<\/li>\n<li>Ciliates show defense mechanism by producing ejectable <b>trichocyst.<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Both sexual &amp; asexual reproduction occurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Time to read examples again\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/281.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9093\" src=\"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/281.png\" alt=\"28\" width=\"535\" height=\"418\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Paramecium (slipper organism)<\/b>\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153 It is a free living ciliate. They are of two types viz. <b>Kappa (killer) paramecia &amp; sensitive paramecia<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0\u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0 You know paramecium exhibits cytoplasmic inheritance in the presence of kappa particles.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Vorticella<\/b>\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153They are inverted, stalked &amp; bell shaped. There are 16 known species of vorticella. They are freshwater microorganisms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Opalina<\/b> \u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153They are present in intestine of frog &amp; toads. Their body shape is leaf like. They show saprotrophic types of nutrition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Balantidium<\/b>\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u20ac\u0153 It is endoparasite of intestine. It causes <b>ciliary dystentry<\/b>. Its transmission is through food and water.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I think I should mention about myself too now. I am <b>Anjali Ahuja<\/b>, one of the members from<b>askIITians<\/b> pool. Our main motive is to help students in stepping up the stair. We have created study resources in this regard. I\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2m pretty sure; it is going to help you. So all you need to do now is to jump in this <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff9900;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/biology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff9900; text-decoration: underline;\">link<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since our lower classes; we have been learning about diversity in living organisms. We have also learned about 5 Kingdom system of classification given by R.H Whitaker. Remember no? Well! It includes Kingdom Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae&amp;Animalia. \u00c3\u201a\u00c2\u00a0Here I am going to tell you about very interesting category of Kingdom Protista which is protozoa. Fig: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medical-exams","category-school-exams"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9087"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9087\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9087"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9087"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.askiitians.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}