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Determination of Equivalent Masses of Elements
Electrometallurgy
Manufacture of Non-Metals
Thickness of Coated Layer
Current Efficiency
Related Resources
Electrolysis is a very important and useful phenomenon. The phenomenon of electrolysis has wide range of applications. It is used in large number of industrial manufacturing processes.
Let us discuss some of the many applications of electrolysis
According to second law of electrolysis when the same quantity of electronic current is passed through solutions of salts of two different cells, the amounts of the metals deposited on the cathodes of the two cells are proportional to their equivalent masses of the respective metals.
If the amounts of the metals deposited on the cathodes be WA and WB respectively, then
Knowing the equivalent mass of one metal, the equivalent mass of the other metal can be calculated from the above relationship.
The equivalent masses of those non-metals which are evolved at anodes can also be determined by this method.
Electrometallurgy is the process of extraction of metal from ore by electrolysis.
The metals like sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium aluminum, etc., are obtained by electrolytes of fused electrolytes.
NaCl + CaCl2 + KF
Na
CaCl2 + CaF2
Ca
Al2O3 + cryolite
Al
MgCi2 (35%) + NaCl (50%) + CaCl2 (15%)
Mg
NaOH
KCl + CaCl2
K
Non-metals like hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine are obtained by electrolysis.
Electro-refining of metals:
This is the process of refining the metal. i.e. removing impurity from metal by the use of electrolysis method.
The metals like copper, silver, gold, aluminum, tin, etc., are refined by electrolysis.
Manufacture of compounds:
Compounds like NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3 KCIO3, white lead, KMnO4, etc., are manufactured by electrolysis.
Electroplating:
The process of coating an inferior metal with a superior metal by electrolysis is known as electroplating.
The aims of electroplating are:
To prevent the inferior metal from corrosion.
To make it more attractive in appearance.
The object to be electroplated is made the cathode and block of the metal to be deposited is made the anode in an electrolytic bath containing a solution of a salt of the anodic metal. On passing electric current in the cell, the metal of the anode dissolves out and is deposited on the cathode-article in the form of a thin film. The following are the requirements for fine coating:
The surface of the article should be free from greasy matter and its oxide layer. The surface is cleaned with chromic acid or detergents.
The surface of the article should be rough so that the metal deposited sticks permanently.
The concentration of the electrolyte should be so adjusted as to get smooth coating.
Current density must be the same throughout.
Refer to the following video for electroplating
With copper
With silver
With nickel
With gold
With zinc
With thin
Cu
Ag
Ni
Au
Zn
Sn
Object
Iron objects
CuSo4 + dilute H2So4
KAg(CN)2
Nickel ammonium sulphate
KAu(CN)2
ZnSO4
SnSO4
Let the dimensions of metal sheet to be coated be (a cm × b cm).
Thickness of coated layer = c cm
Volume of coated layer = (a × b × c) cm3
Mass of the deposited substance = Volume × density = (a × b × c) × d g
(a × b × c) × d = (I×t×E)/96500
Using above relation we may calculate the thickness of coated layer.
Sometimes radius of atom of deposited metal is given instead of density, e.g.,
Radius of silver atom = 10-8 cm
Atomic mass of Ag = 108
Mass of single silver atom = 108/(6.023× 1023 ) g
Volume of single atom = 4/3× πR3 = 4/3×3.14×(10-8)3 cm3
Density of Ag = (Mass of single atom )/(Volume of single atom)
= (108/6.023 × 1023)/(4/3×3.14×10-8 )3
Sometimes the ammeter shows false current due to mechanical fault. In this case,
% Current efficiency = (Actual current)/(Ammeter current)×100
Which of the following elements is not obtained by electrolysis?
a. Hydrogen
b. Fluorine
c. Copper
d. Chlorine
Which of the following metals is not refined by electrolysis?
a. Gold
b. Silver
d. Iron
The process of coating an inferior metal with a superior metal is known as
a. electroplating
b. electrolysis
c. electrorefining
d. electrophoresis
Which of the following compounds is not manufactured by electrolysis.?
a. NaOH
b.KOH
c.Na2CO3
d. HCl
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
c
d
a
You can also refer to the Syllabus of Chemistry for IIT JEE
you can look here for the Past year Papers of IIT JEE
Click here to refer Kohlarusch’s Law
To read more, Buy study materials of Electrochemistry comprising study notes, revision notes, video lectures, previous year solved questions etc. Also browse for more study materials on Chemistry here.
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