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        what is dy/dx? how to understand it correctly and easily?
7 years ago

24 Points
										Hi,
In calculus, the derivative is a measure of how a function changes as its input changes. Loosely speaking, a derivative can be thought of as how much a quantity is changing at a given point; for example, the derivative of the position (or distance) of a vehicle with respect to time is the instantaneous velocity (respectively, instantaneous speed) at which the vehicle is traveling. For a real-valued function of a single real variable, the derivative at a point equals the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The process of finding a derivative is called differentiation. The fundamental theorem of calculus states that differentiation is the reverse process to integration.
Differentiation is a method to compute the rate at which a dependent output y changes with respect to the change in the independent input x. This rate of change is called the derivative of y with respect to x. In more precise language, the dependence of y upon x means that y is a function of x. If x and y are real numbers, and if the graph of y is plotted against x, the derivative measures the slope of this graph at each point. This functional relationship is often denoted y = ƒ(x), where ƒ denotes the function.
The simplest case is when y is a linear of x, meaning that the graph of y against x is a straight line. In this case, y = ƒ(x) = m x + c, for real numbers m and c, and the slope m is given by
$m={\mbox{change in } y \over \mbox{change in } x} = {\Delta y \over{\Delta x}}$
where the symbol Δ (the uppercase form of the Greek letter Delta) is an abbreviation for "change in." This formula is true because
y + Δy = ƒ(x+ Δx) = m (x + Δx) + c = m x + c + m Δx = y + mΔx.
It follows that Δy = m Δx.
This gives an exact value for the slope of a straight line. If the function ƒ is not linear (i.e. its graph is not a straight line), however, then the change in y divided by the change in x varies: differentiation is a method to find an exact value for this rate of change at any given value of x.
Rate of change as a limiting value

The tangent line at (x, ƒ(x))

such an infinitesimal change in x is denoted by dx, and the derivative of y with respect to x is written $\frac{dy}{dx} \,\!$
suggesting the ratio of two infinitesimal quantities.

The secant to curve y= ƒ(x) determined by points (x, ƒ(x)) and (x+h, ƒ(x+h))

The tangent line as limit of secants

the difference between the x values, that is, $m = \frac{\Delta f(x)}{\Delta x} = \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}.$
The derivative is the value of the difference quotient as the secant lines approach the tangent line. Formally, the derivative of the function ƒ at a is the limit
$f'(a)=\lim_{h\to 0}{f(a+h)-f(a)\over h}$
of the difference quotient as h approaches zero, if this limit exists. If the limit exists, then ƒ is differentiable at a. Here f′ (a) is one of several common notations for the derivative

Regards,
Rajat


7 years ago
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