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positional isomerism is definened as basic carbon skeleton remains unchanges,but important groups shifted from one carbon to another,
metamerism is defined as the difference in nature of alkyl groups attached to the same function group.
Position isomers have same carbon skeleton; only position of substituent/functional group changes.
Metamerism is shown by bivalent functional groups. Here the same functional groups have the carbon atoms arranged differently on either side as shown below:
CH3-X-CH2CH3CH3
CH3CH2-X-CH2CH2CH3
CH3-X-CH(CH3)2
-Any pair of the above can be metamers.
Here -X- can be
-O-, ethers
-CO-, ketones
-NH-, secondary amines
-CO-NH-, amides
-COO-, esters
-S-, thioethers etc.
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