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Dear Sir, please explain me aldol condensation reaction and also the question on aldol condensation which was asked in 2005 IIT JEE chemistry paper ???
Aldol Condensation Reaction
A useful carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction is known as the Aldol Reaction or Aldol Condensation. It is an example of electrophilic substitution at the alpha carbon in enols or enolate anions. Traditionally, it is the acid- or base-catalyzed condensation of one carbonyl compounds with the enolate/enol of another, which may or may not be the same, to generate a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound—an aldol. It is reversible in nature. The reaction may occur between two molecules of aldehyde, two molecules of ketones or one molecule of aldehyde and a molecule of ketone. When two different carbonyl compounds react, it is known as mixed aldol/ Crossed aldol condensation. Reactions in which a larger molecule is formed from smaller components with the elimination of a very small by-product such as water are termed Condensations. Hence the following examples are properly referred to as aldol condensations. The dehydration step of an aldol condensation is also reversible in the presence of acid and base catalysts. Consequently, on heating with aqueous solutions of strong acids or bases, many α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds fragment into smaller aldehyde or ketones, a process known as the retro-aldol reaction. Below, a few examples of aldol condensation reaction are:
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