Guest

Hello guys i need a list of groups of + and - inductive,mesomericeffects and hyperconjugation please reply

Hello guys i need a list of groups of + and - inductive,mesomericeffects and hyperconjugation


please reply

Grade:

1 Answers

SAGAR SINGH - IIT DELHI
878 Points
13 years ago

Dear student,

Inductive effect - effect of electronegativity, transmitted through intermediate sigma bonds. For example, chloroacetic acid is stronger than acetic acid, because the electron pulling effect of Cl stabilises the accumulation of negative charge on the anion.

Mesomeric effect - effect of resonance, transmitted through conjugated bonds. For example, the OH group of a phenol is strongly activating and ortho, para - directing towards electrophilic substitution in a benzene ring because of the interaction between oxygen lone pairs and the ring; you can write valence structures with a double bond between O and C, a positive charge on O, and a negative charge on the ortho or para ring carbon.

Hyperconjugation - this is a suggested special kind of mesomeric effect, involving for example hydrogen atoms on the -CH3 group of toluene, and suggested contributions from valence structures in which one of these H is H+, and again there is a double bond between the carbon of the CH3 group and the ring, and a negative charge distributed over ortho and para ring carbons. This was suggested to explain the fact that -CH3 is more strongly activating than -C(CH3)3 towards electrophilic attack.

 

Please feel free to ask your queries here. We are all IITians and here to help you in your IIT JEE preparation.

All the best.

Win exciting gifts by answering the questions on Discussion Forum. So help discuss any query on askiitians forum and become an Elite Expert League askiitian.

Now you score 5+15 POINTS by uploading your Pic and Downloading the Askiitians Toolbar  respectively : Click here to download the toolbar..

 

Askiitians Expert

Sagar Singh

B.Tech, IIT Delhi

sagarsingh24.iitd@gmail.com

Think You Can Provide A Better Answer ?

ASK QUESTION

Get your questions answered by the expert for free