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What are the Characteristics of Alkali Metals? Also show some important ores of alkali metal.
Characteristics of Alkali Metals: 1. Each member of group IA or group 1 has ns1 arrangement of electrons where n represents for the outermost shell i.e., all these members possess only on electron in their outermost shell followed with (n – 1)s2p6 or (n – 1)s2 (i.e., Li). Lithium or 3Li : 1S2, 2s1 or [He] 2s1
Sodium or 11Na : 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s1 or [Ne] 3s1
Potassium or 19K : 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s22p6, 4s1 or [Ar] 4s1
Rubidium or 37Rb : 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s23p6d10, 4s24p6d10, 5s25p6, 6s1 or [Xe] 6s1 Caesium or 55Cs : 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s23p63d10, 4s24p6d10, 5s25p6, 6s1 or [Xe] 6s1 Francium or 87Fr : 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s23p63d10, 4s24p64f14, 5s25p65d10, 6s26p6, 7s1
or [Rn] 7s1 2. Because of similarity in electronic configuration, they exhibit similar properties. A regular gradation in their properties with increase in at. no. is observed due to increasing size of atoms/ions and the low binding energy of valency electrons. 3. Of all the alkali metals, only sodium and potassium are found in abundance in nature. Francium occurs only in minute quantities as a radioactive decay product. Physical Nature Some important ores of alkali metals are as follows: Lithium : Tiphylite, Petalite, Lepidolite, Spodumene, [LiAl(SiO3)3], Amblygonite [Li(AIF)PO4]
Sodium : Chile salt petre (NaNO3), Rock slt or Sodium chloride (NaCI), Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), Borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O),
Glauber salt (Na2SO4.10H2O), Natron (Na2CO3.HO), Soda Felspar (NaAISi3O8), Cryolite (Na3AI6) and Trona
(Na2CO3.2NaHCO3.3H2O).
Potassium : Sylvine (KCI), carnallite (KCI.MgCI2.6H2O), Felspur (K2O.AI2O3.6SiO2), Polyhalite (K2SO4.MgSO4.CaSO4.6H2O), Indian salt
peter (KNO3) and Kainite (KCI.MgSO4.MgCI2.3H2O).
Rubidium : Lepidolite, triphylite Lithium ores contains 0.7 to 3% Rb2O.
Caesium : Lepidolite, Pollucite contains 0.2 to 7% Cs2O
characteristics:
1. they are metallic in nature and are electropositive in nature.
2.they form ionic compounds(Li is sometimes an exception)
3.they always exhibit +ve oxidation state.
ores:
1.dolomite
2.carnallite
3.rock salt
priyanka
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