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Hard and soft water
Hard and soft water: - natural water contains dissolved salts. Depending upon its behavior towards soap solution, water may be classified s soft water or hard water.
(a) Soft Water: - Water which produces lather with soap solution readily is called soft water. For example distilled water, rain water and demineralised water.
(b) Hard Water: - Water which does not produce lather with soap solution readily is called hard water. For example, sea water, river water, well water and tap water.
Type of hardness of water: - the hardness of water is of two types:- temporary hardness and permanent hardness.
(a) Temporary hardness: - This type of hardness in water is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium dissolved in it. The hardness is called temporary because it can be very easily removed by simple boiling the hard water for some time. Temporary hardness is also called carbonate hardness.
(b) Permanent hardness: - This hardness is due to the presence of chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium dissolved in water. Since the hardness cannot be easily removed, it is therefore, called permanent hardness. The permanent hardness is also called non-carbonate hardness.
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