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Copper has one conduction electron per atom.Its density is 8.89 g/cc 4 its atomic mass is 63.54g/mol. If a Cu wire of diameter of 1nm carries a current of 2 A, what is the drift speed of electron in wire ?
Dear Mainak ,
You Can use simple equation :
I = neAvd where n = no of conduction electrons /volume
e = 1.6 x 10-19 c
A = Area of Cross section of the wire
vd = Drift velocity
calculation of n
let us consider a seciton of length 1 m , volume of that section = ∏ r2 l = 7.85 *10-19 m3
Mass of piece = ∏ r2 l * density = 6.98 *10-12 g
therefore no of moles in that amount = 6.98 *10-12 g / 63.54 g = 1.098 *10-13
no of atoms of copper in this amount = 1.098 *10-13 * 6.022 *1023 = 6.617 * 1010 atoms = 6.617 * 1010 electrons
there fore , n = 6.617 * 1010 electrons / 7.85 *10-19 m3 = 8.43 * 1028
now apply equations , 2 = 8.43 * 1028 *1.6 *10-19 * 7.85 *10-19 *vd
vd = 1.88 * 108 m/s
the value comes out to be too high because the wire is of nano scale, it is still impossible to buildsuch wires.
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