Solutions

EXERCISE-1

(5) (1). Growth of tap roots is towards gravity.

(6) (3). Prickles of rose are exogenous in origin.

(14) (3). Cruciform corolla is found in radish.

(23) (1). A true fruit develops from Ovary.

(34) (3). Edible part of Banana are Endocarp and less developed mesocarp.

(38) (1). Number of stamens present in malvaceae is infinite.

(43) (1). In Racemose, flowers are arranged in acropetal succession

(57) (2). The botanical name for 'Shikakai' is Acacia concinna

(61) (1). In family Caesalpinaceae odd sepal is anterior.

(64) (4). Floral formula of Cesalpinoideae is 

(65) (2) In Malvaceae the placentation is Axile

(71) (3). The botanical name of ground nut is Arachishypogea 

• EXERCISE-2

(1)   
(a)    Malvaceae

(b)    Caesalpinia sappan

(c)    Hyoscyamus niger.Use in Asthama and whooping cough

(d)    Solanaceae

(e)    Solanaceae

(2)   
(a) Smilax zeylaniucm/ smilax/ sarasa prilla

(b) Gloriosa/Gloriosa/Superba/Glorylily

(c) Asparagus

(d) Ruscus aculeatus

(e) Onion       

(3)   
a. Raceme
b. Spike        
c. Corymb
d. Capitulum

(4)
a. v,

b. v, viii,

c. ii, vii, ix

d. i, iii

e. ii, vii

(5)

(6) (a)   
i. Composrtae/ Asrraceae

ii. Graminial/Poaceae

iii. Compositae / Astraceae and Gramineae /Poaceae

iv. Liliaceae 

(7)   
(A)    vii, ix

(B)    i, viii

(C)    x

(D)    x, xi

(E)    iv, vii,

(F)    v,

(G)    xii

(8)
(A)    iii,

(B)    ix,

(C)    xiv,

(D)    viii, xvi

(E)    xii,

(F)    iv

(G)    v,

(H)    x

(I)     vi

(9)     
 

(10)   

(11)
(a)    True

(b)    False        

(c)    False

(d)    True

(e)    False

(f)     True

(12)
(a)    Adventitious root

(b)    Dragon plant

(c)    Pedicel      

(d)    Caducous

(e)    Halophyte

(13)
(a)    Valvate     

(b)    Vexillary

(c)    Basifixed

(d)    Versatile

(14) (1). A bud is a condensed immature or embryonic shoot having a growing point surrounded by closely placed immature leaves. The largest bud is cabbage. According to their nature, buds can be vegetative, reproductive and mixed.

(15) (2). A leaf having a single or undivided lamina is called simple leaf. The lamina can have different types of incisions, which may reach upto half (-fid), more than half (-partite) or near the base or midrib (-sect). Depending upon the pinnate or palmate venation, the incisions are known as pinnatifid palmatifid, pinnatipartite, palmatipartite, pinnatisect and palmatisect.

(16) (2). The palmate compound leaf is one in which the petiole bears leaflets at the tip like the fingers of the palm. Citrus is actually a palmate compound leaf where the two lateral leaflets have been suppressed and only the central leaflet is functional. Such a palmate compound leaf, with one functional leaflet is called unifoliate compound leaf.

(17) (3). The petiole, rachis and the stalks of the leaflets in Clematis are sensitive to contact and can coil around the support to help the plant in climbing. In whole leaf tendril, the whole leaf is modified into a tendril for climbing. The leaf apices of Gloriosa superba are greatly elongated to function like the tendrils.

(18) (1). Leaves of a number of plants develop or possess adventitious buds for vegetative propagation, e.g., Bryophyllum. Begonia leaf develops buds only when the leaf is injured or detached.

(19) (1). Walking ferns (e.g., Adiantum caudatum) reproduce vegetatively by their leaf-tips. Leaves bow down to the ground; their tip ­strikes roots and forms a bud which grows into a new plant.

(20) (3). In corymb, the main axis is shortened and lower flowers have much longer stalks or pedicels than the upper ones so that all the flowers are brought more or less to the same level. Corymb inflorescence is found in Cassia

(21) (3). A flower is regarded as complete if it has all, the four floral whorls, i.e., calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. If any of these whorl in missing the flower is described as incomplete. An incomplete flower can either be perfect, having male as well as female sex organs or imperfect with either of the sexes missing. When both the essential organs are absent, the flower is spoken as neuter.

(22) (2).   When a plant bears only one type of unisexual flowers, it is termed as dioecious.Some plants possess three types of flowers - perfect (intersexual), staminate and female or neuter. They are called polygamous. Polygamous plants as for example, mango and Cashewnut bear perfect and imperfect flowers on the same individual.

(23) (2). Ginger is horizontal in position and generally branched and producing aerial leaves or shoots aboveground and adventitious roots on lower side in favourable season. Thus shoot growth is not effected by gravity.

(24) (2). Coconut require the hot and wet climate hence it is grown in coastal areas. It is widely grown in coastal and deltic regions of tropical and subtropical countries.Coconut fruit show hydrochory i.e., the. dispersal takes place through water medium. Being the habitat of coastal area the fruit is so adapted that it can float and dispersed over 'thousand of kilometers before losing viability.